Comparative clinicopathological study of the main anatomic locations of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinicopathological and evolutionary profile of the main locations of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study on 133 patients treated for OSCC. The group was composed of 48 women and 85 men, with a mean age 63.9 ± 12.73 years. Most cases involved the lingual border of tongue (63), followed by the gingiva (36) and the floor of mouth (34). A comparative analysis was performed using multinomial regression. RESULTS: There were significant differences regarding age, sex, tobacco and alcohol consumption, liver pathology, oral potentially malignant disorders, and bone and perineural invasion. In multivariate regression, tobacco consumption, and bone invasion remained significant. There were no significant differences in relation to prognosis. CONCLUSION: The location of OSCC is an important factor in the clinicopathological assessment of this neoplasm. The main locations of OSCC show differential etiopathogenic and clinicopathological aspects. Tobacco consumption has a great relevance in the floor of mouth; nonetheless, it is less important in the tongue border and the gum, which suggests other pathogenic factors. It is necessary to consider the anatomical location of OSCC in preventive protocols, with the aim of reducing its high mortality.

[Main Types of Cysts in Dermatopathology: Part 2]. / Principales tipos de quistes en dermatopatología: Parte 2.

This is the second article in a two-part series published in this journal, in which we examine the histopathological characteristics, as well as the differential diagnosis, of the main entities that present as cystic and pseudocystic structures in cutaneous biopsy. In this second article, we address ciliated cutaneous cysts, branchial cysts, Bartholin's cysts, omphalomesenteric cysts, thymic cysts, thyroglossal duct cysts, synovial cysts, and median raphe cysts, as well as mucocele, ganglion, and auricular and digital myxoid pseudocysts.

Tumor budding as a risk factor for lymph node metastases in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Current staging systems have limitations in stratifying high-risk cases of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Tumor budding (TB) has emerged as a potential prognostic factor in various cancers. OBJECTIVES: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of TB in predicting lymph node metastases (NM) in cSCC. METHODS: A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases was conducted. Studies investigating the association of TB using a 5-bud cut-off and NM in cSCC were included. A meta-analysis was performed using odds ratios (OR) to evaluate the association between TB and NM. RESULTS: Six retrospective studies comprising 793 cSCC patients were included. The random-effects analysis showed a significant association between high TB (≥5 buds) and NM (OR = 13.29, 95% CI = 5.55; 31.86). DISCUSSION: Tumor budding is a promising histopathologic feature for predicting NM in cSCC. The results show a strong association between high TB and NM, supporting its utility as a risk factor for NM in cSCC. Its inclusion in clinical practice and cSCC staging might be helpful in the stratification of high-risk cases and guide optimal management strategies for each patient. However, further investigation is needed to determine standardized reporting guidelines for TB in cSCC.

OralImmunoAnalyser: a software tool for immunohistochemical assessment of oral leukoplakia using image segmentation and classification models.

Oral cancer ranks sixteenth amongst types of cancer by number of deaths. Many oral cancers are developed from potentially malignant disorders such as oral leukoplakia, whose most frequent predictor is the presence of epithelial dysplasia. Immunohistochemical staining using cell proliferation biomarkers such as ki67 is a complementary technique to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of oral leukoplakia. The cell counting of these images was traditionally done manually, which is time-consuming and not very reproducible due to intra- and inter-observer variability. The software presently available is not suitable for this task. This article presents the OralImmunoAnalyser software (registered by the University of Santiago de Compostela-USC), which combines automatic image processing with a friendly graphical user interface that allows investigators to oversee and easily correct the automatically recognized cells before quantification. OralImmunoAnalyser is able to count the number of cells in three staining levels and each epithelial layer. Operating in the daily work of the Odontology Faculty, it registered a sensitivity of 64.4% and specificity of 93% for automatic cell detection, with an accuracy of 79.8% for cell classification. Although expert supervision is needed before quantification, OIA reduces the expert analysis time by 56.5% compared to manual counting, avoiding mistakes because the user can check the cells counted. Hence, the SUS questionnaire reported a mean score of 80.9, which means that the system was perceived from good to excellent. OralImmunoAnalyser is accurate, trustworthy, and easy to use in daily practice in biomedical labs. The software, for Windows and Linux, with the images used in this study, can be downloaded from https://citius.usc.es/transferencia/software/oralimmunoanalyser for research purposes upon acceptance.

Epidemiological, clinical, and prognostic analysis of oral squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed and treated in a single hospital in Galicia (Spain): a retrospective study with 5-year follow-up / Análisis epidemiológico, clínico y pronóstico del carcinoma oral de células escamosas diagnosticado y tratado en un único hospital de Galicia (España): un estudio retrospectivo con un seguimiento de 5 años

Background: Oral cancer is a common neoplasm worldwide, mostly corresponding to squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC). Unfortunately, its overall prognosis remains poor, with no improvement in recent decades. In this study,we have analysed the epidemiological, clinical, and prognostic characteristics of OSCC on patients of a specificSpanish region (Galicia), in order to improve its prognosis and apply effective preventive and early diagnosismeasures.Material and Methods: We retrospectively analysed 243 cases of OSCC, diagnosed and treated in a single hospitalcentre in Galicia between 2010 and 2015 (minimum of 5 years of evolution). Overall and specific survival werecalculated (Kaplan-Meier) and associated variables were identified (log rank test and Cox regression).Results: The mean age of the patients was 67 years, with the majority being male (69.5%), smokers (45.9%) andalcohol consumers (58.6%), who lived in non-urban areas (79.4%). Cases diagnosed at advanced stages entailedthe 48.1% of the sample, and 38.7% of cases relapsed. The 5-year overall and disease-specific survival rates were39.9% and 46.1%, respectively. Patients who consumed tobacco and alcohol had a worse prognosis. OSCC casesreferred to hospital by specialist dentists had a better prognosis, as those who were previously diagnosed with anoral potentially malignant oral disorder (OPMD) or received dental care during OSCC treatmen. Conclusions: In view of these findings, we conclude that OSCC in Galicia (Spain) still has a very poor overall prog-nosis, which is mainly related to the advanced age of the patients and the late diagnosis. Our study highlights thebetter survival of OSCC in relation to the referring health professional, the presence of a previous OPMD and thedental care after diagnosis. This demonstrates the importance of dentistry as a health profession involved in the earlydiagnosis and multidisciplinary management of this malignant neoplasm.(AU)

Pyrosequencing Analysis of O-6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase Methylation at Different Cut-Offs of Positivity Associated with Treatment Response and Disease-Specific Survival in Isocitrate Dehydrogenase-Wildtype Grade 4 Glioblastoma.

The O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene is a critical guardian of genomic integrity. MGMT methylation in diffuse gliomas serves as an important determinant of patients' prognostic outcomes, more specifically in glioblastomas (GBMs). In GBMs, the absence of MGMT methylation, known as MGMT promoter unmethylation, often translates into a more challenging clinical scenario, tending to present resistance to chemotherapy and a worse prognosis. A pyrosequencing (PSQ) technique was used to analyze MGMT methylation status at different cut-offs (5%, 9%, and 11%) in a sample of 78 patients diagnosed with IDH-wildtype grade 4 GBM. A retrospective analysis was provided to collect clinicopathological and prognostic data. A statistical analysis was used to establish an association between methylation status and treatment response (TR) and disease-specific survival (DSS). The patients with methylated MGMT status experienced progressive disease rates of 84.6%, 80%, and 78.4% at the respective cut-offs of 5%, 9%, and 11%. The number was considerably higher when considering unmethylated patients, as all patients (100%), regardless of the cut-off, presented progressive disease. Regarding disease-specific survival (DSS), the Hazard Ratio (HR) was HR = 0.74 (0.45-1.24; p = 0.251); HR = 0.82 (0.51-1.33; p = 0.425); and HR = 0.79 (0.49-1.29; p = 0.350), respectively. Our study concludes that there is an association between MGMT unmethylation and worse TR and DSS. The 9% cut-off demonstrated a greater potential for patient survival as a function of time, which may shed light on the future need for standardization of MGMT methylation positivity parameters in PSQ.

[Main Types of Cysts in Dermatopathology: Part 1]. / Principales tipos de quistes en dermatopatología: parte 1.

Cystic structures represent one of the most common findings in dermatopathology. These encompass both cystic tumors and pseudocysts resulting from the accumulation of certain substances, such as mucin. In a two-part series (of which this is the first part), we have reviewed the principal types of cysts and pseudocysts that may be observed in cutaneous biopsies, examining their histopathological features and primary differential diagnoses. This first part encompasses infundibular cysts, eruptive dermoid cysts, pigmented follicular cysts, pilonidal cysts, tricholemmal cysts, milium cysts, hybrid cysts, bronchogenic cysts, as well as steatocystoma, hydrocystoma, and comedones.

Tumor budding is a prognostic factor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A comprehensive meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.

BACKGROUND: Mortality is linked to tumor budding (TB) in certain neoplasms. TB as a relevant histopathological feature is conditioned by tumor site, a specific study on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is needed. METHODS: A comprehensive meta-analysis was undertaken to investigate the relationship between TB and HNSCC-related outcomes. RESULTS: Overall 42 studies were included. Patients harboring high TB reported an Overall Survival (OS) Hazard Ratio (HR) of 2.63 (95% confidential interval (CI) 2.04-3.39; p-value < 0.001), Disease-free Survival (DFS) HR of 1.88 (95%CI 1.57-2.24; p-value <0.001) and Disease-specific Survival (DSS) HR of 2.14 (95%CI 1.81-2.52; p-value <0.001). Lymph Node Metastasis (LNM) studies harbored null heterogeneity and marked association with TB (Odds Ratio (OR) = 4.48, 95%CI 2.97-6.76; p-value < 0.001). Trial Sequential Analysis (TSA) supported definitive results for DSS. CONCLUSION: The study has provided compelling evidence that there is a significant association between TB and a worse prognosis for HNSCC.

Oral Trichogranuloma in an Asian 12-Year-Old Female With Trichotillomania.

Pilonidal sinus is an acquired chronic inflammatory condition associated with the penetration of hair fragments into the skin. In the pathogenesis of most of these cases, a traumatic event initiates the process allowing the introduction of the hairs into the skin. We report an unusual case of acquired pilonidal sinus as a consequence of the unconscious habit of chewing on the hairs in a 12-year-old girl. Although most commonly located in the gluteal cleft, it has been reported in several areas of the body (including face), but to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in the oral cavity. Our case presented as a palatal and vestibular fistula in a patient who suffered from an undiagnosed peculiar form of hair pulling disorder that involved hair chewing but not trichophagia.

Correlation of Bcl-2 expression with prognosis and survival in patients with head and neck cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a growing disease, affecting more than 700.000 cases per year and ranking as the sixth most prevalent type of cancer worldwide. The impossibility of properly entering into apoptosis directly influences uncontrolled growth and consequently tumor development and progression. Bcl-2 emerged as a key regulator in the balance between cell apoptosis and proliferation in apoptosis machinery. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to review all published studies investigating changes in Bcl-2 protein expression assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and related to prognostic and survival values of patients with HNC. After applying the inclusion and exclusion factors, we reached the number of 20 articles included in the meta-analysis. The random-effect pooled HR (CI95%) value of OS related to Bcl-2 IHC expression in tissues from HNC patients was 1.80 (CI95% 1.21-2.67) (p 0.0001) and DFS was 1.90 (CI95% 1.26-2.86 (p 0.0001). The OS value for the specific oral cavity tumors was 1.89 (1.34-2.67), while in the larynx it was 1.77 (0.62-5.06), and the DFS in the pharynx was 2.02 (1.46-2.79). The univariate and multivariate analyses of OS were respectively 1.43 (1.11-1.86) and 1.88 (1.12-3.16), while in DFS it was 1.70 (0.95-3.03) and 2.08 (1.55-2.80). The OS considering a low cut-off for Bcl-2 positivity was 1.19 (0.60-2.37) and DFS was 1.48 (0.91-2.41), while studies with a high cut-off demonstrated OS of 2.28 (1.47-3.52) and DFS of 2.77 (1.74-4.40). Our meta-analysis demonstrates that Bcl-2 protein overexpression can result in worse LNM, OS, and DFS in patients with HNC, however, it is not a reliable conclusion, due to the wide divergences between the original studies and the fact that many studies have a very high range of confidence and also a high risk of bias.